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doi:10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.016
Genetic analysis and antigenic characterization of swine origin influenza viruses isolated from humans in the United States, 1990–2010
In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 10 November 2011
Bo Shu, Rebecca Garten, Shannon Emery, Amanda Balish, Lynn Cooper, Wendy Sessions, Varough Deyde, Catherine Smith, LaShondra Berman, Alexander Klimov, Stephen Lindstrom, Xiyan Xu
Abstract
Swine influenza viruses (SIV) have been recognized as important pathogens for pigs and occasional human infections with swine origin influenza viruses (SOIV) have been reported. Between1990 and 2010, a total of twenty seven human cases of SOIV infections have been identified in the United States. Six viruses isolated from1990 to 1995 were recognized as classical SOIV (cSOIV) A(H1N1). After 1998, twenty-one SOIV recovered from human cases were characterized as triple reassortant (tr_SOIV) inheriting genes from classical swine, avian and human influenza viruses. Of those twenty-one tr_SOIV, thirteen were of A(H1N1), one of A(H1N2), and seven of A(H3N2) subtype. SOIV characterized were antigenically and genetically closely related to the subtypes of influenza viruses circulating in pigs but distinct from contemporary influenza viruses circulating in humans. The diversity of subtypes and genetic lineages in SOIV cases highlights the importance of continued surveillance at the animal–human interface.
Article Outline
Introduction
Results
Genetic and antigenic analyses of cSOIV isolated in 1990–95
Characterization of tr_SOIV A(H1N1), A(H1N2) and A(H3N2) isolated in 1998–2010
Genetic analysis
HA and NA genes
tr_SOIV A(H1N1)
tr_SOIV A(H1N2)
tr_SOIV A(H3N2)
Internal genes of tr_SOIV
NP, M and NS genes
Antigenic analysis
Discussion
Materials and methods
Clinical specimens and virus isolates
RNA extraction
PCR and DNA sequencing
Sequence analysis
Nucleotide divergence
Antigenic analysis
Acknowledgments
Appendix A. Supplementary data
References
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